Examples of encryption for database access

[Brian Milby]

Random IV means that an attacker can not generate a dictionary in advance. Knowing it at the same time is not an issue since they cypher is not cracked. The other reason is that the IV seeds the AES encryption so that the first block does not give anything away. If the first encrypted block for the same data is always the same, the attacker can use that to test guesses if they can control what is being encrypted. Same issue if they can predict the IV. See the Wikipedia entry I linked to for a better discussion.

IV is fixed at the block size of the cipher. So for AES it is 16 bytes.
On Jun 28, 2018, 4:33 PM -0400, prothero--- via use-livecode , wrote:
> Mark,
> Pardon me for being dense. But if you send an iv with the data, can’t a hacker obtain and use that iv to support hacking the encrypted data?
>
> What I understand, possibly erroneous, is that a Dictionary attack involves trying all possible combinations of a key. A 32 char key would have 2**(32*8) combinations. The iv vector increases the possible combinations to [2**(32*8)]*[2**(16*8)] and makes dictionary attacks much less practical.. Now I’m wondering whether I’m understanding what the iv does. If the iv for data with an unknown key, is known, can’t that iv be used to reduce the number of possible combinations of keys back to the 2**(16*32) value, making the use of an iv irrelevant?
>
> I am going to google this to see if I can get more info, but please chime in if I am on the wrong track.
>
> Best,
> Bill
>
> Bill
>
> William Prothero
> http://earthlearningsolutions.org
>
> > On Jun 28, 2018, at 12:30 PM, Mark Wieder via use-livecode <use-livecode at lists.runrev.com> wrote:
> >
> > > On 06/28/2018 09:17 AM, William Prothero via use-livecode wrote:
> > >
> > > I understand Mark’s comment about putting the key and IV vector in the .htaccess file. I will do this as soon as I figure out if I’ve destroyed my server by deleting all files in the /etc/httpd directory by mistake (I was trying to set an environment variable in that directory and ….. arg…l). However, if IV is a random vector, I don’t understand how the php code that accesses the mySQL db would decode the commands and data. The setup would be different for password verification because it doesn’t need to be decoded to be verified. However, for access to a mySQL server, it needs to be decoded on the server. My understanding was that the function of the IV was to increase the number of possible keys to make a dictionary attack less feasible. Also, my php docs say the IV should be 16 bits. I haven’t tried more, but I do get an error message complaining about IV not being 16 bits.
> >
> > There's no requirement for the initialization vector to be private, just that it is unique among all messages using the same encryption key. It can be posted to the server along with the encrypted data. Thus you can use a new randomized iv for each post, and the php code on the server would take the posted iv and use it with the already-known encryption key to decrypt the data.
> >
> > Ignore my comment about 16 bits. You're supplying an iv of 16 *bytes*, which is 128 bytes. That's standard for normal use. If you want to get serious about it, you could double the length.
> >
> > --
> > Mark Wieder
> > ahsoftware at gmail.com
> >
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